A new species of the genus Achalinus (Squamata, Xenodermatidae) from southwest Hunan Province, China.

A new species of xenodermid snake, Achalinusnanshanensis H. Li, L.-Q. Zhu, Z.-Q. Zhang & X.-Y. Mo, sp. nov., is described based on three specimens collected from Nanshan National Park and Tongdao County of southwest Hunan Province. This new species is genetically distinct amongst its congeners with the mitochondrial COI uncorrected p-distance ranging from 4.4% (in A.yangdatongi) to 17.7% (in A.meiguensis). In addition, this new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) dorsal scales with 23 or 25 rows throughout and strongly keeled; (2) tail relatively longer so that TaL/ToL = 0.215-0.248; (3) length of suture between internasals significantly longer than that between prefrontals, LSBI/LSBP = 1.66-1.84; (4) single loreal scale present; (5) SPL 6 in number, with the fourth and fifth contacting eye; (6) IFL 6 in number, with the first three touching the first pair of chin shields; (7) TMP is 2-2-4/2-2(3)-4, with the anterior pair elongated and in contact with the eye; (8) ventrals 2 + 147-158; (9) subcaudals 64-77, unpaired; (10) dorsal body brownish black, with a bright yellow neck collar extending to the head and abdomen in the occipital region. The recognition of the new species increases the number of described Achalinus species to 28, of which 21 are found in China.

Taxonomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of Clavulinopsis (Clavariaceae, Agaricales): Description of Six New Species and One Newly Recorded Species from China.

Specimens of Clavulinopsis (Clavariaceae, Agaricales) collected in China were studied using morphological and molecular methods. Six species-C. aspersa, C. bicolor, C. bispora, C. erubescens, C. incarnata, and C. tropicalis-are described as new to science, and C. trigonospora is a newly recorded species in China. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on a combined dataset of internal transcribed spacer and nuclear ribosomal RNA large subunit sequences. The phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the six new species each formed an independent lineage, and the samples of C. trigonospora from China were nested with accessions of C. trigonospora collected from Italy. The morphology of the seven Chinese species is described in detail, and is illustrated with line drawings and photographs. A key to the known Clavulinopsis species in China is provided.